Utah HOA Board Roles & Responsibilities

What each board position actually does, how many people you need, and how to keep a volunteer board functioning as members rotate out year after year — including where board composition is actually set by state law versus your own bylaws.

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See the full Utah reference

Utah at a Glance

Minimum board size Once the developer's administrative control ends, the lot owners must elect a board with an odd number of members, at least 3.

Owner/member requirement Once the developer's administrative control ends, a majority of the board must be lot owners.

Officer requirements Once the developer's administrative control ends, the board elects the officers unless the declaration lets the lot owners elect them. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, officers must be natural persons 18 or older, and one person may hold more than one office.

Conflict-of-interest disclosure The Community Association Act has no separate director conflict rule. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, a transaction with a director, a related party, or an entity in which a director has an interest is protected if the material facts are disclosed to or known by the board and a majority of the disinterested directors approve it in good faith (even if fewer than a quorum), if the voting members approve it after disclosure, or if it is fair to the association. The association may not lend money to a director, an officer, or a related person or entity.

Most HOA boards have three to five members, elected by the membership for terms set in the bylaws — often one to two years, frequently staggered so the entire board doesn't turn over at once. Your specific bylaws define much of the exact structure, but in some states, part of that structure — minimum board size, owner-eligibility, or officer requirements — is actually set by statute, not left to the association to decide.

⚠ Common mistake: Assuming your bylaws alone decide how big the board is. In Utah, the minimum board size is set by a law written specifically for homeowners associations.

Here's the ArmadealioOkay, minus the legalese…

Utah's Community Association Act sets real board rules: once the developer steps back, an odd number of at least 3 directors, most of them owners. The board section was updated in 2026.

President

Runs board meetings, is usually the primary point of contact with homeowners and outside parties (attorneys, vendors, the county), and typically has authority to sign on the association's behalf for routine matters. The president does not unilaterally make board decisions — actions still require a board vote — but does set the agenda and keep meetings moving.

Secretary

Keeps official records: meeting minutes, the membership roll, and official correspondence. In a self-managed HOA, the secretary is often the person who ends up being the institutional memory of the association — the one who can answer "wait, when did we actually vote on that?" This role matters more than it sounds like it should, because undocumented decisions are one of the most common sources of later disputes.

Treasurer

Handles dues collection, financial reporting, and the annual budget process. Many associations require some form of annual budget, and increasingly a reserve study projecting future major expenses. The treasurer role is also the one most commonly outsourced even in an otherwise self-managed association — hiring an accountant or bookkeeper for the mechanics while the treasurer sets policy and reviews the numbers is common and often worth the cost.

Utah — Officer RequirementsHOA/condo statute

Once the developer's administrative control ends, the board elects the officers unless the declaration lets the lot owners elect them. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, officers must be natural persons 18 or older, and one person may hold more than one office.

Minimum board size and who can serve

Whether your association has a statutory floor on board size, and whether some or all of the directors must be owners, depends on your state. Where a rule exists, it usually comes from one of two places: a law written specifically for homeowners or condominium associations, or general nonprofit corporation law, which applies only because the association is incorporated as a nonprofit. The badge on each rule below shows which one applies in Utah.

Utah — Minimum Board SizeHOA/condo statute

Once the developer's administrative control ends, the lot owners must elect a board with an odd number of members, at least 3.

Utah — Owner/Member RequirementHOA/condo statute

Once the developer's administrative control ends, a majority of the board must be lot owners.

Utah — Other Eligibility Rules

A director must be a natural person, 18 or older. The association may disqualify a person from serving as a director for a felony conviction or for being a sex offender.

Dillo's TakeIn everyday terms…

Utah directors must be adults (18 or older). Your association can also choose to disqualify candidates with a felony conviction or who are sex offenders.

Term limits

Some states cap how long a single director term can run. A cap on one term is different from a limit on how many terms in a row someone can serve: a term cap alone doesn't stop a director from being re-elected. That takes a separate consecutive-term limit. Check both rows in the reference below for Utah.

Utah — Term LimitsBylaws/documents

The Community Association Act does not set a maximum term. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit and the bylaws set no term, a director's term is one year.

Conflict-of-interest disclosure

If a board member stands to personally benefit from a contract or decision the board is voting on, several states require a specific disclosure process before that vote can happen — not just a general "act in good faith" expectation. Some states wrote this rule directly into their HOA or condominium statute; others expressly import the state's general nonprofit corporation conflict-of-interest rules instead of creating a separate one.

Utah — Conflict-of-Interest RuleGeneral corporate law

The Community Association Act has no separate director conflict rule. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, a transaction with a director, a related party, or an entity in which a director has an interest is protected if the material facts are disclosed to or known by the board and a majority of the disinterested directors approve it in good faith (even if fewer than a quorum), if the voting members approve it after disclosure, or if it is fair to the association. The association may not lend money to a director, an officer, or a related person or entity.

The Dillo-DownIn everyday terms…

Utah flatly bans your HOA from lending money to a director, an officer, or someone close to them. Other deals involving a conflict can stand if properly disclosed and approved, or if they're fair.

⚠ Common mistake: Treating a conflict of interest casually because "everyone already knows" a board member has a stake in a vendor contract. In states with a statutory disclosure requirement, informal awareness isn't the same as a documented disclosure — skipping the formal step can make the contract itself challengeable later, regardless of whether the board's decision was actually reasonable.

Additional roles on larger boards

Associations with five or more board members sometimes add a vice president (covers for the president, sometimes chairs a specific committee like ARC) and an at-large member with no fixed portfolio, available to take on whatever the board needs — chairing a violations committee, leading a specific project, or simply providing another vote and perspective.

Can one person hold two roles?

It depends mostly on your bylaws, and in some states on the statute itself. Very small associations sometimes explicitly allow combining roles out of necessity. Others prohibit certain combinations — most commonly, keeping treasurer separate from any role with check-signing authority, as a basic financial control. Check your specific bylaws, and the state reference below, before assuming either way.

The real challenge: surviving turnover

The hardest part of running a self-managed board usually isn't any single role — it's what happens when the person who understood how everything worked rotates off the board and nobody wrote it down. A self-managed HOA has no institutional memory beyond what the current board happens to remember or document. The associations that handle this well share one habit: they write things down as they happen, not from memory afterward — meeting minutes the same day, a violation logged when it's observed, a decision recorded the moment it's made.

State-by-State Quick Reference

Select your state below for its actual board-composition rules. Every field is tagged with where the rule comes from — a statute written for HOAs or condominiums, general nonprofit corporate law that happens to apply, or your own governing documents — because those aren't the same thing, even when the resulting number looks identical.

Scope / governing statute	Utah's Community Association Act (Utah Code Title 57, Chapter 8a) sets board size, owner-majority, director qualification, and officer rules. Its board section was amended in 2026. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, the Utah Revised Nonprofit Corporation Act (Title 16, Chapter 6a) also applies.
Minimum board size HOA/condo statute	Once the developer's administrative control ends, the lot owners must elect a board with an odd number of members, at least 3.
Owner/member requirement HOA/condo statute	Once the developer's administrative control ends, a majority of the board must be lot owners.
Other eligibility rules	A director must be a natural person, 18 or older. The association may disqualify a person from serving as a director for a felony conviction or for being a sex offender.
Officer requirements HOA/condo statute	Once the developer's administrative control ends, the board elects the officers unless the declaration lets the lot owners elect them. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, officers must be natural persons 18 or older, and one person may hold more than one office.
Max individual term Bylaws/documents	The Community Association Act does not set a maximum term. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit and the bylaws set no term, a director's term is one year.
Consecutive-term limit	If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, directors may be elected for successive terms unless the bylaws say otherwise.
Conflict-of-interest disclosure General corporate law	The Community Association Act has no separate director conflict rule. If the association is incorporated as a nonprofit, a transaction with a director, a related party, or an entity in which a director has an interest is protected if the material facts are disclosed to or known by the board and a majority of the disinterested directors approve it in good faith (even if fewer than a quorum), if the voting members approve it after disclosure, or if it is fair to the association. The association may not lend money to a director, an officer, or a related person or entity.
Citation	Utah Code §§ 57-8a-501; 57-8a-502; 16-6a-805; 16-6a-818; 16-6a-825

Read the law

What Utah's law actually says about board composition, in its own words, with links to the full text where available:

Utah Code § 57-8a-502
- Governing Statute / Scope: “Upon termination of the period of administrative control, the lot owners shall elect a board”
- Minimum Board Size: “the lot owners shall elect a board consisting of an odd number of at least three members, a majority of whom shall be lot owners.”
- Owner/Member Eligibility Requirement: “a majority of whom shall be lot owners.”
- Additional Eligibility Rules: “A director shall be ... a natural person; and 18 years old or older.”
- Additional Eligibility Rules: “an association may ... disqualify an individual from serving as a director because the individual ... has been convicted of a felony; or is a sex offender.”
- Required Officer Positions: “Unless the declaration provides for the election of officers by the lot owners, the board shall elect officers of the association.”
Utah Code § 16-6a-818
- Required Officer Positions: “An officer shall be: (i) a natural person; and (ii) 18 years of age or older.”
- Required Officer Positions: “The same individual may simultaneously hold more than one office in a nonprofit corporation.”
Utah Code § 16-6a-805
- Maximum Individual Term: “In the absence of any term specified in the bylaws, the term of each director shall be one year.”
- Consecutive Term Limit: “Unless otherwise provided in the bylaws, directors may be elected for successive terms.”
Utah Code § 16-6a-825(4)(b)(i)
- Conflict of Interest Rule: “the board of directors or committee in good faith authorizes, approves, or ratifies the conflicting interest transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors are less than a quorum”
- Conflict of Interest Rule: “the conflicting interest transaction is fair as to the nonprofit corporation.”
- Conflict of Interest Rule: “A loan may not be made directly or indirectly by a nonprofit corporation to: (i) a director or officer of the nonprofit corporation”

A note on this guide: Board composition is less uniformly regulated than areas like fines or reserve requirements — several states are genuinely silent, leaving everything to your bylaws and general corporate law, and that's accurately reflected in the reference above rather than papered over. Where a state does regulate this, the HOA/condo statute badge means the rule is written directly into HOA, condominium, or common-interest-ownership law; the General corporate law badge means it comes from the state's general nonprofit corporation statute rather than one written for HOAs or condominiums; and Bylaws/documents means there's no statutory floor at all. Condominium association and homeowners association rules can also differ within the same state; use the toggle above to switch. Change your state at any time using the selector above.

Making the transition easier

Formtabulous keeps your association's records — elections, violations, ARC requests, homeowner communication — in one place that survives board turnover, instead of scattered across whoever's personal inbox happened to handle it.

See how it works →

Utah — Common Questions

Once the developer's administrative control ends, the lot owners must elect a board with an odd number of members, at least 3, a majority of whom must be lot owners.

A director must be a natural person, 18 or older. The association may disqualify a person for a felony conviction or for being a sex offender.

Once the developer's administrative control ends, the board elects the officers unless the declaration lets the lot owners elect them.

This article is general information about how HOA boards typically operate and is not legal advice. The specific roles, terms, and requirements for your association are set by your bylaws and, in some states, statute — consult the governing documents and, where needed, a qualified attorney for your specific situation.